Waghenaer's Mirror of the Sea
Lucas Janszoon Waghenaer, a pilot from Enkhuizen, published the first part of the Spieghel der Zeevaerdt in 1584, and a second part followed in 1585. It was printed in Leiden by the Plantin press and contained sea charts of the coasts of western and northern Europe, together with written sailing directions.
Navigational knowledge had until then circulated mostly in manuscript sailing books and in charts drawn for individual ships. Waghenaer's charts had a consistent layout. They showed the coast in plan, marked soundings and anchorages, and added small profile views of the land as it appears from the sea, so that a pilot could recognise a landfall.
A word in English
An English translation, The Mariners Mirrour, appeared in 1588. English sailors began to call such books “waggoners” after the author, and the word was used for sea atlases for a long time afterwards.
Later Dutch publishers followed the format closely, and the printed sea atlas became a staple of the Amsterdam map trade in the following century.